The biomedical composites are mainly used to replace the damaged or missing human tissue structure, so as to repair the shape and performance of tissue. The problem of biocompatibility needs to be considered during the implantation of this material, among which the mechanical compatibility requires that the mechanical properties of the implanted material should be adapted or matched with human tissue. Too low strength leads to material fracture and instability, and too high will cause damage to surrounding tissues, making the material implantation site difficult to heal for a long time, namely the "stress shielding" effect.
Dental implant material can also be called artificial tooth root, which is implanted into the upper and lower jaw of the missing tooth in the human body through surgical operation. After the surgical wound is healed, the device is installed on the upper part to repair the denture. As a hard tissue implant material, it must have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties in addition to good biocompatibility.
Tantalum metal is an ideal substitute material for human tissue, which has good abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, and has no reaction with body fluids and no stimulation to body tissues. Tantalum has been used in clinical practice for several decades. The products prepared by tantalum include pacemaker, vascular clip, femoral stem prosthesis, metal wire implanted in the body, metal sheet, metal mesh, etc. Compared with titanium, tantalum zirconium has the advantages of high strength, low elastic modulus, good wear resistance and non-toxicity, which is more suitable for the development of medical materials, especially for oral implant materials. Wang jun et al. showed that the high temperature refractory of pure tantalum restricted its sintering process, the particle bond strength of pure tantalum sintered products was not high, and the compressive strength was low.
Due to the high density of pure tantalum (16.65g/cm3), there is a large gap between the density of upper and lower jaw bones, and the high sintering temperature and large elastic modulus of traditional tantalum metal are easy to cause stress shielding problems. Therefore, in order to improve the mechanical compatibility of oral implant materials, it is necessary to explore a high-performance implant material with simple preparation method.
