Vanadium in the earth's crust is about 0.02 percent of the earth's crust, spread widely but loosely. More than 70 kinds of vanadium mineral deposits have been found, among which the vanadium oxides such as green sulfur vanadium ore, vanadium mica ore and vanadium lead-zinc ore are as high as 8-20%. Vanadium titanium magnetite contains low grade vanadium, generally containing 0.2-1.4% v2o5, but it has the largest reserves, the international reserves of more than 40 billion tons, is the primary material for the extraction of vanadium.
The world's ferrovanadium magnetite and vanadium resources are appropriately abundant. The reserves of international ferrovanadium magnetite have been found to be more than 40 billion tons, which are concentrated in a few countries, including the former Soviet union, the United States, China and South Africa. Much vanadium is also found in bauxite and in carbonaceous crude, coal, oil shale and tar sands.
According to the statistics of the United States mineral bureau, according to the current excavation plan, the proven vanadium resources can continue to be excavated for 150 years, and will be distributed in South Africa, Asia, North America and other regions, (South Africa accounted for 47.0%, the former Soviet union 24.6%, the United States 13.1%, China 9.8%, other countries accounted for less than 6%).
Vanadium has excellent plasticity and malleability. It can be made into sheet, drawn into wire and processed into foil at room temperature. But a few impurities, especially interspace elements (such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) will significantly affect the physical properties of vanadium. For example, when vanadium contains 0.01% hydrogen, it causes brittle change and plasticity decreases. The melting point rises to 2,458 at 2.7% carbon. K. Vanadium has high melting point, high hardness, high resistivity, weak paramagnetism, low linear expansion coefficient, vanadium elastic modulus density and steel nearby, which can be used as structural materials.
Vanadium is one of the important strategic materials, mainly used in the metallurgical industry, as an alloy element additive, to improve the structure and function of steel, improve the strength and endurance, followed by titanium into a high-temperature and high-strength alloy, and then the chemical industry, to use the oxide shape of vanadium as a catalyst, catalyst and so on.
Foreign vanadium extraction is basically recovered from the by-products, such as South Africa, Finland, the former Soviet union and other countries from vanadium titanium magnetite iron recovery, the United States most vanadium is potassium vanadium uranium ore and phosphorus ore recovery, Canada from the incineration of petroleum coke collected dust, a few countries from stone coal extraction of vanadium. In general, the primary international vanadium recovered from vanadium titanium magnetite, now recovered from vanadium titanium magnetite, about 70,000 tons per year, about % of the total output.
