Stainless steel materials have been widely used in medical devices and human body implantation because of its good rigidity, processing and forming, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and low price. In oral medicine, stainless steel materials can be used to make orthodontic brackets, arch wires and micro-implants, denture stents, clamps, jaw splints, etc. Mouth is a common engraftment complex environment, a variety of microbial stainless steel material in the oral cavity may change the local micro ecological structure, make oral pathogenic bacteria increase or enhanced virulence, resulting in the occurrence of infectious diseases.
Antibacterial stainless steel is a new class of materials research and development in recent years, by adding antibacterial stainless steel element, make its can be used as structure materials, and has the function of material antibacterial effect, therefore they are widely used in public health care facilities, food processing equipment, medical equipment and other health sensitive areas. Antibacterial stainless steel has the advantages of broad spectrum antibacterial, long antibacterial aging, no resistance and good biocompatibility, which greatly extends the clinical application scope of medical stainless steel. This article reviews the research progress and application of antibacterial stainless steel in stomatology.
Stainless steel materials are widely used in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, such as orthodontic surgery, cleft lip and palate repair surgery, and fracture fixation with croissants, splints, etc. Liu, etc, according to a study of silver nanoparticles with poly lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer coating stainless steel implants in rat femur cavity infection can effectively inhibit staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and at the same time to induce bone formation. The mechanism may be to enhance osteogenic differentiation by promoting the migration of human bone marrow stromal stem cells, initiating erk1/2 signal and up-regulating the expression of osteogenic related genes. Copper is also a widely studied antibacterial and osteoinductive element. Some scholars have found that, with the release of Cu2+, 316l-cu stainless steel can effectively inhibit the growth of e. coli. Copper ions also stimulate the release of various growth factors in the body cells, thereby promoting the differentiation of osteoblasts and the deposition of calcium salts. Some scholars have shown that 317LCu stainless steel also has good biocompatibility and has antibacterial properties of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and has better osteosynthesis ability than titanium alloy. Wang, through experiments in vivo and in vitro, such as 317 l stainless steel - Cu in early stage, Cu2 + by promoting the secretion of TNF alpha that regulate the nf-kappa B signaling pathway and Caspase3, cause inflammation around the implants and apoptosis; However, with the healing of the tissue, the inflammatory response and apoptosis decreased significantly, suggesting that 317l-cu stainless steel foreign body reaction was small.
The degradation of magnesium fund in human body can cause the alkaline increase of surrounding environment, which can destroy the living conditions of bacteria and play the role of sterilization. Scholars like Robinson and Yang ke have confirmed that the magnesium fund can kill bacteria such as e. coli and staphylococcus aureus in the body. Sutsha by in vitro experiments, such as comprehensive consideration after antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility, containing magnesium 2 mol % of hydroxyapatite/chitin 316 l stainless steel coating has strong antimicrobial properties, gram-positive bacterium (such as staphylococcus aureus) of magnesium content increase more sensitive. Sutsha etc, also found that hydroxyapatite/chitosan coating 316 l stainless steel with the increase of mass fraction of silicon surface, resistance to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and when the mass fraction of 1% of silicon, surface activity, best can be induced the formation of hydroxyapatite bone sample layer.
