At present, implantable denture has been developed as the preferred treatment for dentition defects and missing dentition. Compared with traditional prosthodontics, implant prosthodontics has better retention, no harm to the adjacent teeth, and can better restore the chewing, aesthetic and pronunciation problems of patients. The commonly used dental implant materials include pure titanium and titanium alloy. According to the standard, on the basis of the purity and oxygen content of titanium, titanium can be divided into 5 levels, for commercial pure titanium grade 1-4, level 5 for Ti-6Al-4V, is the most commonly used dental implant levels Ⅱ or Ⅳ pure titanium or titanium alloy. Under natural conditions, the surface of titanium and titanium alloy can form a stable and dense oxide film, which makes it have good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. For many years, titanium and titanium alloys have been considered as hypoallergenic materials.
However, in recent years, some scholars have reported case studies of allergy to titanium and titanium alloy implants, but the incidence is still unknown. The researchers looked at 1,500 patients with implants and found that the incidence of titanium allergy was about 0.6%. A retrospective chart analysis of 458 patients who had received at least one titanium patch test found a titanium allergy rate of about 5.7 percent. The incidence of titanium allergy was 6.3% of 270 patients, the study found. With the increasing application of titanium-based materials, the incidence of titanium and titanium alloy implant allergy will gradually rise, and the allergy of titanium and titanium alloy implant will be a clinical problem that cannot be ignored. In this paper, the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment of titanium and titanium alloy implants allergy are reviewed. Titanium and titanium alloy have good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance due to the oxidation film formed on the surface. However, in vivo, the oxide film on its surface may be damaged due to biological corrosion or mechanical wear and other factors, leading to the release of metal ions and particles, thereby causing a series of immune or allergic reactions, resulting in the failure of planting. Therefore, titanium and titanium alloy implant allergy is a clinical problem that cannot be ignored. For patients with titanium fund implant allergy, the study of a non-metallic implant with good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance will improve the success rate of implant repair.
