The invention discloses a porous niobium tantalum titanium alloy material with controllable porosity and a preparation method thereof. The porous niobium tantalum titanium alloy material is composed of the following atomic percentage components: Ta 5% ~ 25%, Ti 5% ~ 25%, and the allowance is niobium; In order to control the mechanical and biological properties of alloy scaffolds, the methods of template impregnation and powder metallurgy were used to control the porosity and pore size of porous alloy by controlling the concentration of organic adhesive solution and solid content of impregnation slurry. The porosity of the porous niobium tantalum titanium alloy material prepared above is 50% ~ 80%, the open porosity ≥ 90%, the pore size is 47 ~ 536μm, the compressive strength is 18 ~ 122MPa, the compressive elastic modulus is 0.11 ~ 2.08gpa, and the pores are anisotropic. Compared with traditional porous alloys, they have better structure and properties.
Biomedical materials are materials used primarily for the diagnosis, treatment, repair or replacement of diseased tissues, organs or enhancement of functions of living organisms. According to the composition and properties of materials, biomedical materials can be divided into biomedical metal materials, biomedical polymer materials, biomedical inorganic non-metallic materials, etc. At present, the most widely used biomedical metal materials include titanium alloy, stainless steel, cobalt-based alloy. However, elements such as vanadium, cobalt and aluminium in traditional metal materials have teratogenic, allergenic and even carcinogenic side effects. Therefore, β alloy with non-toxic side effects, better biocompatibility and lower elastic modulus has gradually become a research hotspot. niobium, tantalum, zirconium and other elements are stable in β phase and have no toxic and side effects on human body. However, the elastic modulus of Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr alloy with the lowest elastic modulus is still up to 40GPa, which is much higher than that of cancellous bone in human body. Improper elastic modulus will lead to "stress shielding" effect and ultimately lead to implant failure. To solve the problem of stress shielding, the following two ideas can be adopted: first, to optimize the alloy composition, so that it can give consideration to good mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility; Second, design porous structure, suitable pore structure can not only effectively reduce the elastic modulus of metal, but also provide a transport channel for body fluids and nutrients for later implantation.
At present, the most widely used methods for preparing porous alloys include powder metallurgy, metal deposition, fiber metallurgy and plasma spraying. However, impurities will inevitably be introduced into the alloy prepared by the above methods, which will affect the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the alloy. At the same time, the porosity of the obtained pores is mostly uncontrollable, and the pore morphology is mostly isotropic, which cannot simulate the complex morphological characteristics of human bone tissue.
