TiAl is used to build turbine blades for jet engines. In the process of operation, the turbine blades of modern jet engines are usually subjected to the high temperature of 1600-1800 degrees Celsius, and the wind speed of about 300 meters per second, and the huge air pressure caused by this, making the working environment extremely harsh. Modern turbine blades are usually made of directionally solidified single crystal materials, and air cooling channels are also opened in the interior. The process is extremely complicated, and it is regarded as the pearl in the crown of modern industry. The new high temperature, high performance and high niobium titanium aluminum alloy can further improve the high temperature resistance of turbine blades, thus allowing to increase the air inlet temperature of the engine, thereby increasing the thrust of the engine. The density of high temperature and high performance niobium titanium alloy is about half that of nickel-based superalloy. Thrust weight ratio is the ratio between thrust and net weight of engine, which is one of the main indexes to evaluate modern jet engines.
Continue Reading →Ingots, finished scraps of processed materials, and remnants of cold-processed products (such as feed heads, process wastes, etc.) can be recycled into ingots by two electron beam smelting.
Continue Reading →The welding properties of titanium and titanium alloys have many remarkable characteristics, which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of titanium and titanium alloys.
Continue Reading →As the raw material of C103 alloy, niobium-tantalum-tungsten alloy bar has strict requirements for Ta, W and gas impurities C and O, as well as sampling at the end, which increases the difficulty of production. In this paper, the process of producing Nb-Ta-W alloy strip by powder metallurgy was studied. The method of uniform distribution of Ta and W was found out, and the reasonable process scheme was put forward.
Continue Reading →The surface of zirconium rod and hafnium alloy must be clean and bright before joining, heat treatment, electroplating and forming. Generally speaking, no special surface treatment and cleaning are required for corrosion resistance, because zirconium naturally forms a metal oxide protective layer regardless of the surface conditions. Zirconium is difficult to be electroplated by traditional methods, but it can be electroplated by special processes.
Continue Reading →Ingots can be recovered from ingots by two electron beam smelting processes, such as ingot chips, processed material scrap and cold processed product residues (such as material heads, process waste products, etc.).
Continue Reading →Necrosis of the femoral head is a common and difficult disease to treat. Clinically, there are often young patients with femoral head necrosis, mostly in the early stage of femoral head necrosis. Because fear of disease progression leads to femoral head collapse, the doctor will tell the patient to reduce the weight of the joint, that is to say to frame abduction. In this way, it will bring great inconvenience to the life and social activities of patients.
Continue Reading →Titanium alloys are mainly used to make compressor parts for aircraft engines, followed by structural parts for rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. By the mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys had been used in general industry, for making electrodes for the electrolytic industry, condensers for power stations, heaters for oil refining and desalination, and environmental pollution control devices.
Continue Reading →Vacuum carbon reduction is one of the main methods to produce niobium metal at home and abroad. Using carbon as reducing agent to reduce Nb2O5 to produce niobium bar, the affinity of carbon to oxygen is higher than that of niobium. Its advantages are high yield (> 96%), cheap reductant, low production cost, no sodium reduction and other methods of by-products need wet treatment, can obtain higher purity niobium bar and metal powder. There are two industrial processes of direct carbon reduction and indirect carbon reduction. The former is direct reduction with carbon Nb2O5, reaction temperature of 1800 ~ 1900 ℃, the total equation is:
Continue Reading →The main ways of strengthening niobium are solid solution, precipitation and deformation heat treatment. In niobium alloy, tungsten and molybdenum can improve the strength at high and low temperature, but too much of them will reduce the process performance. Tantalum is a medium strengthening element and can reduce the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the alloy.
Continue Reading →Superconducting materials refer to materials that exhibit the properties of zero resistance and repelling magnetic field lines under certain low temperature conditions. It has been found that 28 elements and thousands of alloys and compounds can be superconductors.
Continue Reading →With the over-exploitation of resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the problem of energy and environment has become the main concern in today's world. A variety of new technologies and ideas are emerging to try to solve these problems in a variety of ways. Photocatalysis USES light to excite the semiconductor photocatalytic material, so that photogenerated electrons and holes are formed in the conduction band and valence band of the semiconductor respectively.
Continue Reading →Tantalum can form stable compounds with carbon and non-metallic elements in stainless steel tubes, and its action is similar to niobium, which can change the mechanical properties of stainless steel tubes and improve the quality of steel. At present, although tantalum-containing steel pipe is not common, with the continuous development of national economy, tantalum-containing steel pipe will be widely used.
Continue Reading →Various types of sputtering thin film materials have been widely used in semiconductor integrated circuits (VLSI), optical disks, flat panel displays and surface coatings of workpieces. Since the 1990s, the synchronous development of sputtering target and sputtering technology has greatly satisfied the development needs of various new electronic components. For example, in the manufacturing process of semiconductor integrated circuit, copper conductor film with low resistivity replaces aluminum film wiring. In the information storage industry, the increasing storage capacity of magnetic memory and the constant innovation of new magneto-optical recording materials have put forward higher and higher requirements for the quality of sputtering target materials required, and the demand quantity also increases year by year.
Continue Reading →In metallurgical industry, niobium is mainly used to make high temperature resistant alloy steel and improve the strength of steel. In the smelting of carbon steel, only a few parts per million of niobium can be added to increase the strength of steel by one-third L. Super alloy made of niobium and tantalum with a series of metals such as tungsten, aluminum, nickel, cobalt and vanadium.
Continue Reading →Nickel-titanium-copper memory alloy is a new alloy material invented by researchers from keele university in Germany. Its deformation times can reach 10 million times without fracture, while usually the alloy material will fracture after deformation for thousands of times. This new material will be widely used in many fields such as microelectronics and optical components, sensors and medical devices.
Continue Reading →Hafnium alloy contains metal element hafnium, which has the highest melting point in the world. The substance with the highest known melting point is a compound of hafnium: tetrahfnium pentacarbide (Ta4HfC5), with a melting point of 4215 degrees Celsius.
Continue Reading →(1) reduce the structure weight, improve the efficiency of the structure, advanced performance, such as supersonic aircraft lighter aircraft with low structure weight coefficient (i.e., the body weight/structure plane normal take-off weight), and the intensity of titanium alloy is close to the characteristics of strong steel but density is small, instead of structural steel and high temperature alloy, can greatly reduce the structure weight, also can save cost; Take the engine as an example. Statistics show that the cost of using an aircraft engine can be reduced by about 220-440 dollars for every kilogram of quality reduction.
Continue Reading →Niobium alloys are formed by adding a certain amount of hafnium and other elements to niobium. In a binary phase diagram, niobium and -hf form a displaced solid solution.
Continue Reading →I. material characteristics: niobium has the characteristics of low elastic modulus, poor thermal conductivity, low mechanical strength, high expansion coefficient and high plasticity in refractory alloy; Tantalum high melting point, melting point 2996 ℃, high temperature strength after molybdenum and tungsten, good corrosion resistance, can heat outside most of the acidic sulfate corrosion medium.
Continue Reading →Chile, the world's fifth-largest silver producer, saw its production fall 32% in May from a year earlier. Chile, which produced a record 54 million ounces of silver in 2014, is expected to produce less than 40 million ounces in 2018.
Continue Reading →The main purpose of tantalum, as a metal powder, is to make electronic components. Usually, many enterprises recycling tantalum capacitors will sell the recovered tantalum to tantalum processing plants for reuse. Common USES include capacitors and some high power resistors. Tantalum capacitors account for more than 90% of all tantalum USES. No matter it is a large scientific computer or a small electronic instrument, tantalum capacitors can be found everywhere, which is also the most important use of tantalum.
Continue Reading →Medical titanium and titanium alloy are high quality metal materials, widely used. Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent application characteristics and are recognized as excellent metal materials in the medical field in the world. Compared with the use of stainless steel, cobalt base alloy and other metal materials, titanium and titanium alloys have greater application advantages. According to the above table, it is not difficult to see that titanium and titanium alloys have obvious advantages in specific strength, elastic modulus, corrosion resistance and corrosion fatigue resistance.
Continue Reading →Niobium is widely used in iron and steel industry, aerospace industry, superconducting materials and other fields. About 85% ~ 90% of niobium in the world is used in iron and steel production in the form of ferrocolumbium. Niobium-containing steel is widely used in automobiles, Bridges, oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines, oil drilling, offshore oil drilling platforms, railway tracks, civil and construction steel reinforcement, etc.
Continue Reading →In the pre-fabrication stage of a large number of welding joints, it is necessary to set up a special enclosed clean site and strictly control the dust pollution and air humidity in the environment. For example, clean labor protection shoes should be changed when entering the construction site to ensure the cleanliness of the welding environment. In the outdoor installation environment, make temporary operation room to achieve clean conditions. It is an important factor to ensure the welding quality to strengthen the requirements of welding joint groove, groove on both sides within 70mm and the cleanliness of welding wire surface.
Continue Reading →Vanadium has good plasticity and malleability. It can be made into sheet, drawn into wire and processed into foil at room temperature. But a small amount of impurities, especially interstitial elements (such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) can significantly affect the physical properties of vanadium. For example, when hydrogen in vanadium is 0.01%, it will cause embrittlement and reduce plasticity. The melting point rises to 2,458 when carbon is 2.7%. K. Vanadium has high melting point, high hardness, high resistivity, weak paramagnetism, small linear expansion coefficient, and similar elastic modulus density to steel, so it can be used as structural material.
Continue Reading →Iridium - tantalum coated titanium electrode is a very good electrode material for oxygen release in acidic medium. This product is applied to organic electrolysis, such as cysteine, glyoxylic acid, succinic acid, etc. It can be used in Cr3+ electrolysis Cr6+ electrolysis of indirect oxidation in organic electrolysis. Sewage treatment is used to oxidize organic matters and toxic substances in water, such as the conversion of CN -; It can also be used as auxiliary electrode in electroplating industry, such as auxiliary anode for Cr plating, auxiliary anode for electrolytic copper, auxiliary anode for electrolytic zinc, auxiliary anode for cathodic protection, etc. Also mainly in the electrolytic electrodeposition of cobalt, nickel applications.
Continue Reading →Due to its excellent corrosion resistance, titanium is widely used as a variety of chemical reaction containers and heat exchange materials. This problem is particularly prominent when used as a structural part. The effective solution is to use titanium steel composite plate. Titanium and ordinary steel composite known as titanium steel composite, both the corrosion resistance of titanium, and the strength of ordinary steel plate as a structure, the important is that the cost has been greatly reduced.
Continue Reading →High strength titanium alloy refers to the room temperature tensile strength between 1100 ~ 1400MPa titanium alloy, composed of nearly titanium alloy and metastable titanium alloy. The first industrial application was Ti13V11Cr3Al titanium alloy, whose tensile strength reached 1350MPa at room temperature.
Continue Reading →A corrosion resistant zirconium niobium tantalum hafnium alloy, the chemical composition includes the following weight percentage components: tantalum 0.1 ~ 10%, niobium 0.5 ~ 3%, hafnium 0.1 ~ 5%, the allowance is zirconium; The preparation method of the above corrosion resistant zirconium tantalum niobium nifnium alloy is as follows: according to the proportion of zirconium alloy materials, the crushed industrial grade zirconium, zirconium tantalum and zirconium niobium intermediate alloys are pressed into shape, and a single electrode is obtained.
Continue Reading →Among all application industries, the semiconductor industry has the most demanding requirement on the quality of target sputtering film. 12-inch silicon wafers have now been manufactured. The width of the interconnect is decreasing. Silicon wafer manufacturers require large size, high purity, low segregation, and fine grain, which requires a better microstructure. The crystal particle diameter and uniformity of the target material have been considered as the key factors affecting the film deposition rate. In addition, the purity of the film has a great relationship with the purity of the target material.
Continue Reading →Metal coating film, also known as chemical coating film, that is, before the diamond inlay, first in its surface coated with a layer of metal film, into a diamond with a metal coating. The purpose of metal coating is to improve the bonding property of diamond matrix and the temperature stability of diamond.
Continue Reading →NbCoSb was once an unidentified alloy material whose "appearance" was metallic and whose "personality" was more like a semiconductor. Because of the promise of a new generation of high-temperature thermoelectric materials, many scientists have tried to synthesize pure 1:1:1 niobium cobalt antimony, but no one has been successful.
Continue Reading →Titanium zinc composite panels is zinc alloy titanium plate do panel, 3003 h26 (H24) aluminum plate back, high pressure low density polyethylene (LDPE) as the core material, compounded by the heat of a new type of high-grade aluminum building materials, it combines the characteristics of titanium zinc plate (metal texture, surface repair function, long service life, good plasticity, etc.) and compound plate is flat and level, the advantage of high flexural performance at an organic whole, is the model of combination of classical art and modern technology.
Continue Reading →Research has found that. Tantalum is virtually imperturbable to erosion and has been used as a surgical replacement for bone (e.g. skull). Making foil or silk thread can connect broken nerves; Use of tantalum: tantalum is a light gray metal with a slightly blue color. It has a wide range of applications due to its many exotic properties. Therefore, it is known as the "kingdom of metals" generalist.
Continue Reading →Molybdenum-nickel alloys generally come in the form of rolls, strips, ingots, webbing, threads, rods, plates and foils. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powders, submicron powders and nanometer film deposition targets, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications of particles.
Continue Reading →According to the application, the target material mainly includes semiconductor target material, recording medium target material, display film target material, optical target material, superconducting target material, etc. et al. of Shanghai iron and steel research institute made a detailed classification of target materials, corresponding material types and application fields. Among them, target materials for semiconductor application, target materials for recording medium and target materials for display are three kinds of targets with the largest market scale.
Continue Reading →The material consists mainly of hafnium carbide and nitride and has a melting point of 4,400 kelvin. Before this, the most difficult material to melt in the world was tetrahydride tantalum and hafnium pentacarbide (Ta4HfC5), which has the highest melting point of any known compound at 4,200 kelvin. It can be considered by the tantalum carbide, melting point 3983 ℃) and hafnium carbide (melting point 3928 ℃) these two kinds of binary compounds. In 2015, foreign countries sold powder tantalum and hafnium, which is 99 percent pure and about 45 microns in size, for $9,540 per kilogram.
Continue Reading →Tantalum has excellent chemical properties and high corrosion resistance. They do not respond to heat, cold, or aqua regia. It can be used to make evaporator, electrode, rectifier and electrolytic capacitor. Used to make thin sheets or threads on a piece of cloth to mend damaged tissue.
Continue Reading →Its characteristic is that the cobalt niobium iron base material containing cobalt, iron, an active ingredient, the first to add a component and a second add ingredients, the active ingredient containing niobium, the first to add a composition containing tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, titanium, yttrium, manganese, aluminum, copper, nickel, phosphorus, gallium and germanium, tin, or their combination, and the second add composition contains calcium magnesium and carbon and boron, chromium, or their combination; Niobium with cobalt iron base material, the active ingredient, cobalt, and iron in the first add components and the second to the amount of added ingredients as a benchmark, the amount of the active ingredient in atomic percentage greater than 0 and is equal to or less than 20 atomic percentage, the amount of the active ingredient and the first to add ingredients atomic percentage greater than 0 and is equal to or less than 25 atomic percentage, and the second addition to the amount of atomic percentage greater than 0 and is equal to or less than 0.5 atomic percentage; Among them, the cobalt-fe-niobium target has niobium oxide, and the ratio of niobium oxide to the surface of cobalt-fe-niobium target is less than 35 /mm2.
Continue Reading →Due to the high melting point of the original components of nickel base alloy and the high requirement for its purity, the nickel base alloy smelting process is very unique compared with the conventional smelting method. "Special steel 100 seconds" summarized below, the main process has three:
Continue Reading →Light metals
Density less than 4500 kg/m3, such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium and so on.
Niobium-titanium superconducting alloy is the most widely used superconducting material in the existing superconducting technology. The nb-ti alloy with a mass ratio of nearly l: 1 has good superconducting electrical properties and its superconducting critical transition temperature Tc=9. 5K, can operate at liquid helium temperature, it in 5T(50,000 Gs) magnetic field, the transmission current density Jc 105A/cm2(4. 2 k); The highest application field can reach 10T(100,000gs)(4. 2 k).
Continue Reading →Niobite, also known as beta stone, contains 26.6% uranium trioxide, 34.80% niobium pentoxide and 18.30% titanium dioxide. Isometric crystal system, a= 10.32a, symmetric m3m. The crystal is octahedron and diamond dodecahedron. Color brown to black, stripe brown, hardness 4 ~ 5, relative density 3.75 ~ 4.82. Produced in granite pegmatite.
Continue Reading →These include billet preparation and plasticity, welding, heat treatment and coating. Preparation of niobium - tungsten alloy ingots. Niobium - tungsten alloys are often prepared by powder metallurgy and smelting. Powder metallurgy is the preparation of ingots by mixing, pressing and sintering niobium, tungsten and other elemental powders into prealloyed strips, followed by more than two vacuum electron beam smelting or vacuum arc smelting or the combination of the two smelting methods.
Continue Reading →At present, there are two kinds of platinum crucible processing in China: 1. Die stamping; 2. Spinning forming.
1. Die stamping and forming
Advantages: small processing difficulty, high processing efficiency;
Disadvantages: platinum-sheet drawing is made by stamping the bottom of the die. As it is stressed locally, the wall thickness of the stressed part is thinner than that of other parts, and the overall thickness of the crucible is uneven, which ultimately affects the service life of the platinum crucible.
Titanium alloy has high strength and small density, good mechanical properties, toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, the process performance of titanium alloy is poor, cutting difficult, in hot processing, very easy to absorb impurities such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. There is poor wear resistance, the production process is complex. Industrial production of titanium began in 1948. The development of the aviation industry requires the titanium industry to grow at an average annual growth rate of about 8%. At present, the world's annual output of titanium alloy processing materials has reached more than 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloy brand. The most widely used titanium alloys are ti-6al-4v (TC4), ti-5al-2.5 Sn(TA7) and industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).
Continue Reading →The technology of making high purity tantalum ingots from waste tantalum blocks invented by the team has won the national patent. The technology turns waste into treasure, which not only realizes the recycling of special metal resources, but also greatly reduces the production cost of the enterprise, and realizes the "win-win" of environmental protection and industrial benefits. It is reported that the company's technology innovation team currently has more than 20 core members, master's degree or above accounted for 25%. "Whether it is technical backbone, or production backbone, as long as you can make achievements will be rewarded, house, car award, the company's staff innovation enthusiasm is very high.
Continue Reading →Pure tantalum has good plasticity, small deformation resistance and low processing hardening rate. All kinds of profiles and shaped parts can be produced by plastic processing method. Pure tantalum can be rolled into sheets, sheets, sheets, sheets, pipes, and bars at room temperature. To reduce oxidation, pure tantalum plastic processing at room temperature or below 500 ℃. Tantalum alloy with high strength and ingot casting low plasticity, must be sufficiently above 1200 ℃, the processing technology of the same as the pure tantalum. The extrusion ratio should be greater than 4 and the forging ratio should be greater than 2. When the billet is heated, the plasticity of the material should be decreased due to gas pollution. Cross rolling is used to ensure good stamping and spinning properties. The rate of cross - rolling should be maintained at about 80%. Tantalum plate can be made into cup, cap, pipe, cone, nozzle and other parts of different shapes by spinning and deep-drawing. The diameter of the rotary forging rod for drawing is generally 2.5mm. Because tantalum is soft, it is easy to bond and scratch the surface of the die, the surface of the wire is often anodized to form an oxide film and lubricated with beeswax before drawing.
Continue Reading →Tantalum (intan: the name of the king of wealth, derived from Greek mythology, discovered in 1900.) Tantalum is virtually impervious to erosion.In surgery, there is a great contribution to the repair of the human body: it can replace bones (such as the head).
Continue Reading →Sodium niobate, potassium hafnium zirconium titanate and calcium titanate are lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, which involve a new type of multielement lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition and belong to the field of perovskite structure piezoelectric ceramics. The composition provided by the invention can be expressed by general formula (1-w)(k1-xnax) nbo3-wca (ti1-y-zzryhfz)O3, in which 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 1, 0 < w < 0.10. The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition may also contain one or more oxides, the general formula of which is (1-w)(k1-xnax) nbo3-wca (ti1-y-zzryhfz)O3+aM O (mol %), M O is one or more doped oxides, the molar ratio of a to the main component (1-w)(k1-xnax) nbo3-wca (ti1-y-zzryhfz)O3 is 0-3%, M is + 1-6 valence and can form solid oxides with oxygen. The optimal value of the piezoelectric constant d33 of the system's piezoelectric ceramic composition can reach more than 190pC/N, and the electromechanical coupling coefficients KP and kt can reach more than 45%. The process is stable, and it is made from traditional piezoelectric ceramic preparation technology and industrial raw materials, which is practical.
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